Огляд потреби побудови енергоефективної системи керування вентиляцією та кондиціонуванням у торговельних центрах

Петро Олексійович  Качанов; Олег Миколайович Євсеєнко

doi:10.26642/ten-2022-1(89)-69-76

Автор(и)

Петро Олексійович Качанов Національний технічний університет «Харківський політехнічний інститут», Україна http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0781-0853
Олег Миколайович Євсеєнко Національний технічний університет «Харківський політехнічний інститут», Україна http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5432-1211

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26642/ten-2022-1(89)-69-76

Ключові слова:

торговельний центр; енергозбереження; автоматизована система керування; мікроклімат; індекс комфорту

Анотація

Стаття присвячена аналізу особливостей проєктування та пошуку проблем із забезпеченням мікроклімату приміщень, які виникають при функціонуванні торговельних центрів. Сформульовано основні тенденції розвитку торговельних центрів. Показано, що для оцінки комфортності людини у приміщенні використовуються індекси Фагнера та стандарти ISO 7730:2005, ISO 10551:2019. Встановлено, що неналежне використання вентиляції в торговельних центрах може привести до хвороб відвідувачів та працівників. З’ясовано, що параметри, які необхідно контролювати, не обмежуються типовими: температурою та вологістю. Пропонується регулювати показники таких параметрів: чадний газ (CO), частинки PM_2.5 та PM₁₀, вуглекислий газ (СО₂), формальдегід (HCHO), летучі органічні сполуки (TVOC). Показано, що створення комфорту людини в торговельному центрі є важливим завданням, яке необхідно вирішувати разом з енергозбереженням. Виокремлено основні параметри мікроклімату, на які варто звертати увагу під час побудови систем управління. Наведено основні компанії, контролери яких використовуються при автоматизації технологічних процесів. Визначено, що підходи до підвищення енергоефективності діляться на конструктивні та алгоритмічні. Реалізація конструктивних підходів можлива лише за умови, якщо торговельний центр було побудовано з виконанням усіх нормативних вимог до побудови приміщень. Проведено огляд законів керування та методів моделювання, які використовуються для керування системами обігріву та вентиляції. Сформульовано основні принципи, використання яких дозволить отримати збереження енергоресурсів. Визначено, що торговельний центр є об’єктом з розподіленими параметрами через його розміри та необхідність формування окремих умов для кожного приміщення. Показано, що класичні підходи, які пропонуються використовувати для керування температурно-вологими процесами об’єкта з розподіленими параметрами, не підходять для енергоефективного функціонування.

Посилання

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Mathis, P. et al. (2018), «Energy efficient HVAC systems in shopping centers», Proceedings of the REHVA Annual Meeting Conference Low Carbon Technologies in HVAC, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 1–10.

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Avantaggiato, M., Belleri, A., Oberegger, U.F. and Pasut, W. (2021), «Unlocking thermal comfort in transitional spaces: A field study in three Italian shopping centres», Building and Enviroment, Vol. 188, pp. 1–11, doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107428.

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Список використаної літератури:

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